‘Magnifica Humanitas’
Pope Leo XIV’s first encyclical, Magnifica Humanitas (Magnificent Humanity), addresses artificial intelligence and the protection of human dignity.
Officially signed on May 15—the 135th anniversary of Pope Leo XIII’s foundational industrial labor encyclical, Rerum Novarum—Magnifica Humanitas addresses one of the principal challenges of the contemporary age. In it, the current pontiff voices a profound interest in aligning Catholic social teaching with the AI era, including warning against the dangers of substituting genuine human relationships with artificial ones, and uncritically relying on AI as an electronic seer.
In an unprecedented step, the pope—joined by theologians, scholars, and Christopher Olah, co-founder of AI company Anthropic—presented the encyclical in person at the Vatican Synod Hall on May 25.
“Artificial intelligence already touches many areas of our lives and affects decisions that shape human co-existence,” Pope Leo said. “I feel entrusted to look upon another huge transformation with eyes of faith, with lucidity of reason, with openness to mystery and with cries of the poor and the earth resounding in my heart.”
Several Boston College faculty and staff members reviewed the 235-page encyclical and offered their analysis and comments.
Fr. Philip Larrey
“We now have a road map for the use and development of this technology from a Catholic point of view,” said Fr. Philip Larrey, a professor of the practice in the Department of Philosophy whose scholarly work includes a focus on the impact of the digital era of society.
“Since the beginning of his pontificate, Pope Leo has made AI a priority, and he specifies how important it will be to place human beings at the center and that (it should) be used for the benefit of all. The document gives us the opportunity to think deeply about this vital and highly relevant technology."
Mary T. Crane (Caitlin Cunningham)
“I’m happy to see that Magnifica Humanitas has done what other leaders and institutions have thus far largely failed to do—provide moral clarity about the status of generative AI and a call to action to mitigate its potentially dehumanizing effects,” said Thomas F. Rattigan Professor of English Mary T. Crane, who noted that Boston College has already taken seriously the need to exercise discernment around uses of AI.
“The encyclical charges all educators at every level to take responsibility for student formation in what is now an entirely transformed educational environment. We need to do more to educate students about AI and to make it more difficult for them to yield to the powerful temptation to hand over their thinking, their voices, and their humanity to a machine.”
Andrea Vicini, S.J. (Lee Pellegrini)
“In a profoundly Catholic way, which is strongly informed by the Second Vatican Council, Pope Leo XIV reflected on the challenges raised by artificial intelligence by situating them within a comprehensive assessment of human life and progress on the planet," said Theology Department Chair Andrea Vicini, S.J., Michael P. Walsh Professor of Bioethics and Professor Ordinarius. "Hence, the pope revisits the historic development of the social doctrine of the Church and its foundational and operative principles of human dignity, the common good, the universal destination of goods, subsidiarity, solidarity, and social justice.
“Empowered by this vision of the world and of human agency, Pope Leo critically assesses the risk of developing and implementing the tool of artificial intelligence in ways that would increase inequities and social injustice. To avoid fostering an inhuman ‘culture of power,’ he stressed the need to build a ‘civilization of love’ that rejects war and promotes peace, eliminates trafficking, fosters integral ecology, promotes the dignity of work in the ongoing digital transition, and confesses the Church’s troubled history with slavery, abuse, and colonial power while asking for pardon. Inspired by Pope Leo XIV and by Catholic social doctrine, the challenges that humankind faces in the era of artificial intelligence could become a further opportunity to foster social justice and promote an inclusive and comprehensive common good.”
Michael McCarthy, S.J. (Caitlin Cunningham)
“What is most striking to me about the encyclical is how little there is about AI as such,” said Michael C. McCarthy, S.J., dean of the Clough School of Theology and Ministry. “Instead, Pope Leo focuses on the ways new technologies can diminish our capacity as humans to build up a world based on a vision of the ‘common good.’ He certainly spells out the risks, and one of the common goods most vulnerable is truth itself.
"Rather than condemning AI, however, he urges individuals and communities to use it in creating a ‘civilization of love.’ He clearly recognizes the challenges. Yet I, for one, am grateful for a credible, positive voice that carries a moral authority and urges hopefulness.”
Chris R. Glass (Lee Pellegrini)
Chris R. Glass, a professor of the practice and director of a graduate program in higher education at the Lynch School of Education and Human Development, who has researched artificial intelligence, offered the following: “The encyclical elevates discourse of ‘AI as tool’—what technology does for humanity—to ‘AI as civilizational threshold’—what it does to humanity. In my reading, it treats artificial intelligence as a philosophical rupture that demands institution-building and governance equal to the task. It positions us at the beginning of the beginning, posing questions we should think about and discuss, clear-eyed, about AI's increasing capabilities. Its all-too-rare compound vision names multiple realities and holds them in tension, refusing any single deterministic narrative advanced by techno-optimists or pessimists alike, which is likely why it landed so well among serious thinkers across the political spectrum.”
Sam Ransbotham (Lee Pellegrini)
Professor of Business Analytics Sam Ransbotham, the David J. Mastrocola Dean's Faculty Fellow in the Carroll School of Management who hosts a podcast titled "Me, Myself, and AI," echoed the pope’s warning that AI must not remain in the hands of a few.
“Human dignity that's built-in rather than earned, the common good, the universal destination of goods, subsidiarity, solidarity, social justice—none of this should require restating in 2026, but needing to is what's going wrong. A small number of AI firms now hold unprecedented power. The basic research that universities once cultivated in the open—as a public good—now lives inside the handful of corporate labs that can afford the computing power. That shift turns shared knowledge into private property. The systems themselves are grown more than built, and inside those labs, market incentives take over. Even firms that agree on safety principles face commercial pressure to defect, and someone always does. It's a prisoner's dilemma, and failures with potential extinction consequences don't give you a second try. The thing to disarm is the race, not the technology. But how requires solving problems we have never faced. The next move belongs to all of us, each holding a section of the wall before a string of emergencies decides for us.”
Aleksandar Tomic (Caitlin Cunningham)
“The pope drives home a strong message that our intent when it comes to the use of technology is much more important than the technology itself,” said Aleksandar Tomic, the associate dean for strategy, innovation, and technology, at the Woods College of Advancing Studies and director of its graduate programs in applied economics and applied analytics, which recently hosted a conference on human-centered AI. “He gives potent examples of both tremendous good and harm that can come from rapidly evolving AI and encourages us to not be idle bystanders but to take an active role in ensuring that the good outweighs the harm.
"He also warns us of the increasing alienation that AI brings that makes us more vulnerable to political polarization that leads to political exploitation...Magnifica Humanitas provides a prescription for better outcomes by encouraging us to build a stronger community, take a more active role in shaping the policies, and to actively engage with the technology so that we can better understand its uses, limitations, and dangers.
“There is a special encouragement to us as educators to focus on formation and teaching people how to search for truth, but also how to better understand and use the technology.
“For me, the two strongest messages are: It takes fostering human connection and in-person community building to overcome the dystopian prospects of the AI revolution and secondly, the constant reminder that machines cannot render moral judgment or emotional connection, emphasized in the very clear statement, ‘No computational system, however sophisticated, can create a heart that gives itself, or a conscience that discerns good from evil.’